{"id":120,"date":"2024-05-28T23:28:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T23:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karenmariepalmer.com\/theroughwritersguide\/back-matter\/writing-for-non-native-speakers\/"},"modified":"2024-05-28T23:28:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T23:28:55","slug":"writing-for-non-native-speakers","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/karenmariepalmer.com\/theroughwritersguide\/back-matter\/writing-for-non-native-speakers\/","title":{"raw":"Writing for Non-Native Speakers","rendered":"Writing for Non-Native Speakers"},"content":{"raw":"\n
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If you learned English as a second language and you regularly speak a language other than English, this appendix is for you. It also provides a refresher course on many of the elements in the rest of this handbook. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n

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Parts of Speech<\/h1>\n

In English, words are used in one of eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, and interjection. This table includes an explanation and examples of each of the eight parts of speech:<\/p>\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Noun<\/td>\nPerson, place, or thing<\/td>\nWow! After the game<\/span>, silly Mary<\/span> ate her apples<\/span> and carrots<\/span> quickly.<\/td>\nIowa<\/td>\nbook<\/td>\narm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
horse<\/td>\nidea<\/td>\nmonth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pronoun<\/td>\nTakes the place of a noun<\/td>\nWow! After the game, silly Mary ate her<\/span> apples and carrots quickly.<\/td>\nhe<\/td>\nit<\/td>\nI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
her<\/td>\nmy<\/td>\ntheirs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adjective<\/td>\nDescribes a noun or pronoun<\/td>\nWow! After the game, silly<\/span> Mary ate her apples and carrots quickly.<\/td>\nsticky<\/td>\nfunny<\/td>\ncrazy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
long<\/td>\ncold<\/td>\nround<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Verb<\/td>\nShows action or state of being<\/td>\nWow! After the game, silly Mary ate<\/span> her apples and carrots quickly.<\/td>\nrun<\/td>\njump<\/td>\nfelt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
think<\/td>\nis<\/td>\ngone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adverb<\/td>\nDescribes a verb, another adverb, or an adjective and tells how, where, or when something is done<\/td>\nWow! After the game, silly Mary ate her apples and carrots quickly<\/span>.<\/td>\nslowly<\/td>\neasily<\/td>\nvery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
often<\/td>\nheavily<\/td>\nsharply<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conjunction<\/td>\nJoins words, phrases, and clauses<\/td>\nWow! After the game, silly Mary ate her apples and<\/span> carrots quickly.<\/td>\nand<\/td>\nbecause<\/td>\nbut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
since<\/td>\nor<\/td>\nso<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Preposition<\/td>\nFirst word in a phrase that indicates the relationship of the phrase to other words in the sentence<\/td>\nWow! After<\/span> the game, silly Mary ate her apples and carrots quickly.<\/td>\nin<\/td>\non<\/td>\nto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
after<\/td>\nat<\/td>\nover<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Interjection<\/td>\nA word that shows emotion and is not related to the rest of the sentence<\/td>\nWow<\/span>! After the game, silly Mary ate her apples and carrots quickly.<\/td>\nHey<\/td>\nWow<\/td>\nLook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Super<\/td>\nOh<\/td>\nYuck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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English Word Order<\/h1>\n

The simplest level of English word order within a sentence is that subjects come first followed by verbs and then direct objects.<\/p>\n\n

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When you have more complicated sentences, use the following general order.<\/p>\n\n

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When an English sentence includes more than one adjective modifying a given noun, the adjectives have a hierarchy you should follow. You should, however, keep a string of adjectives to two or three. The example includes a longer string of adjectives simply to clarify the word order. Using this table, you can see that \u201cthe small thin Methodist girl\u2026\u201d would be correct but \u201cthe young French small girl\u2026\u201d would be incorrect.<\/p>\n

Some languages, such as Spanish, insert \u201cno\u201d before a verb to create a negative sentence. In English, the negative is often indicated by placing \u201cnot\u201d after the verb or in a contraction with the verb.<\/p>\n\n

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Example<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n

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I can\u2019t make it before 1:00 p.m.<\/p>\n

Incorrect example:<\/strong> I no can make it before 1:00 p.m.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Count and Noncount Nouns<\/h1>\n

Nouns that name separate things or people that you can count are called count nouns. Nouns that name things that cannot be counted unless additional words are added are called noncount nouns. You need to understand count and noncount nouns in order to use the nouns correctly with articles, in singular and plural formations, and in other situations. Some nouns can serve as either count or noncount nouns.<\/p>\n\n

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Examples of Count Nouns<\/h2>\n